Indian History — Most Tested Events
History carries 4–6 questions per paper. Focus on Freedom Movement, Constitutional Milestones, and important dates.
Freedom Struggle — Key Dates
1857First War of Independence (Sepoy Mutiny) — Mangal Pandey triggered the revolt
1885Indian National Congress founded — A.O. Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji (Bombay session)
1905Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon → Swadeshi Movement started
1919Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13) by Gen. Dyer. Rowlatt Act passed.
1920Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi
1930Salt March / Dandi March (March 12 – April 6, 1930). Civil Disobedience Movement.
1942Quit India Movement (August 8) — "Do or Die" slogan by Gandhi
1947Independence on August 15, 1947. Partition of India and Pakistan.
Constitutional Milestones — Most Asked
- Constitution adopted on November 26, 1949 (Constitution Day)
- Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day)
- Drafting Committee Chairman: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- First President of India: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
- First Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru
Indian Polity & Governance
Polity carries 4–6 questions per paper. Focus on Parliament structure, important Articles, Constitutional bodies, and Elections.
Key Constitutional Bodies
PresidentHead of State. Elected by Electoral College (MPs + MLAs). Article 52–62. 5-year term.
Prime MinisterReal executive power. Leader of majority in Lok Sabha. Appointed by President. Article 74–75.
ParliamentRajya Sabha (Upper, 245 members) + Lok Sabha (Lower, 543 elected). Article 79.
Supreme CourtArticle 124. Chief Justice + 33 other judges. Final court of appeal. Judicial review power.
CAGComptroller & Auditor General — audits government accounts. Article 148. Independent body.
Election CommissionArticle 324. Conducts elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, President & VP.
Important Articles — Polity GK
- Article 356: President's Rule in a state (if constitutional machinery fails)
- Article 368: Amendment procedure of the Constitution
- Article 370: Special status of J&K (abrogated August 5, 2019)
- Article 360: Financial Emergency (never declared so far in India)
Indian Geography — Key Facts
Geography carries 3–4 questions per paper. Focus on physical features, rivers, states, and economic geography of India.
Physical India — Quick Facts
Largest StateArea: Rajasthan. Population: Uttar Pradesh.
Smallest StateArea: Goa. Population: Sikkim.
Longest RiverGanga (by Indian territory). Indus is longest overall but mostly in Pakistan.
Highest PeakK2 (in PoK). Highest in India proper: Kangchenjunga (Sikkim border).
Largest DesertThar Desert (Rajasthan) — largest hot desert in India & 17th largest in world.
Largest LakeChilika Lake (Odisha) — largest coastal lagoon. Wular Lake (J&K) — largest freshwater lake.
Highest RainfallMawsynram, Meghalaya — wettest place on Earth (avg 11,872 mm/year).
Maharashtra GKLongest river in Maharashtra: Godavari. Highest peak: Kalsubai. Capital: Mumbai.
Indian Economy — Key Concepts
Economy carries 3–4 questions per paper. Focus on budget terms, economic bodies, GDP, banking, and important schemes.
Important Economic Terms
GDPGross Domestic Product — total value of goods & services produced in India in a year.
GNPGross National Product = GDP + income earned by Indians abroad − income of foreigners in India.
Repo RateRate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks. Higher repo = expensive loans = less inflation.
Reverse RepoRate at which RBI borrows from banks. Used to absorb excess liquidity from the market.
RBIReserve Bank of India — Central Bank. Established 1935. HQ: Mumbai. Governor: Sanjay Malhotra (2024).
NITI AayogReplaced Planning Commission in 2015. Policy think-tank. Chair: PM. CEO: B.V.R. Subrahmanyam.
Important Government Schemes
- PM-KISAN: Rs.6,000/year direct income support to farmers in 3 instalments
- Ayushman Bharat: Health insurance up to Rs.5 lakh per family per year
- Make in India: Manufacturing initiative launched September 2014
- Digital India: Technology-driven governance and digital literacy programme
- Swachh Bharat: Sanitation mission launched October 2, 2014 (Gandhi Jayanti)
Current Affairs — Strategy & Key Topics
Current Affairs carries 6–8 questions — largest chunk of GK section. Focus on the last 12 months before exam.
Strategy: Read one reliable news app (PIB, The Hindu, or InShorts) for 15 minutes daily. Focus on: government appointments, laws passed, international summits, sports achievements, and awards.
What to Focus On
AppointmentsNew CJI, new RBI Governor, new Army/Navy/Air Force chiefs, new CM/Governor appointments
Laws & ActsNew laws passed by Parliament — criminal law reforms (BNS, BNSS, BSA), budget highlights
InternationalG20, BRICS, ASEAN, SCO summits. India's bilateral agreements. UN reports on India.
AwardsBharat Ratna, Padma Awards, Nobel Prize winners, Grammy/Oscars with Indian connection
SportsOlympics, Asian Games, ICC tournaments, Arjuna/Dronacharya/Khel Ratna Award winners
Science & SpaceISRO missions (Chandrayaan, Gaganyaan), new satellites, DRDO developments
Key 2024–25 Current Affairs (MHT CET LAW Relevant)
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023 — replaced IPC 1860 from July 1, 2024
- BNSS replaced CrPC; BSA replaced Indian Evidence Act — all effective July 1, 2024
- India's Union Budget 2025-26 — focus on infrastructure, MSME, tax relief
- Sanjay Malhotra appointed as new RBI Governor (December 2024)
- India at Paris Olympics 2024 — 6 medals (1 Silver, 5 Bronze)
Flashcards — Click to Flip
Click any card to flip and reveal the answer.
When was the Indian Constitution adopted and when did it come into force?
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Adopted: November 26, 1949 (Constitution Day). Came into force: January 26, 1950 (Republic Day). This difference is asked every year!
Who launched the Quit India Movement and when?
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Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942 at Gowalia Tank, Bombay. Slogan: "Do or Die". Congress leaders were immediately arrested.
What is the Repo Rate and who controls it?
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Repo Rate = rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks. Higher repo rate = costlier loans = reduces inflation. Controlled by the Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee.
What replaced the IPC, CrPC, and Indian Evidence Act?
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IPC → Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). CrPC → Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS). Indian Evidence Act → Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA). All effective from July 1, 2024.
What is the largest state in India by area?
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Rajasthan is the largest state by area (342,239 sq km). Thar Desert covers much of it. Capital: Jaipur. The largest by population is Uttar Pradesh.
What is Article 356 of the Constitution?
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Article 356 — President's Rule in a state. If the Governor reports that constitutional machinery has failed, the President can take over the state's administration. Maximum duration: 3 years (with extensions).
Who is known as the "Father of the Indian Constitution"?
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Dr. B.R. Ambedkar — Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly. He spent 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days drafting the Constitution.
What is NITI Aayog? When was it established?
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NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) replaced the Planning Commission on January 1, 2015. It is a policy think-tank, not an allocating body. Chairperson: Prime Minister.
What happened on April 13, 1919?
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Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. General Reginald Dyer ordered firing on unarmed civilians gathered for Baisakhi festival in Amritsar. Hundreds killed. Led to massive anti-British outrage.
What is the wettest place in India?
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Mawsynram, Meghalaya — average annual rainfall of 11,872 mm. It replaced Cherrapunji (also in Meghalaya) as the world's wettest place. Both are in East Khasi Hills district.
What is the Swachh Bharat Mission and when was it launched?
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Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) — launched on October 2, 2014 (Gandhi Jayanti) by PM Narendra Modi. Aims at sanitation, elimination of open defecation, and solid waste management.
How many medals did India win at Paris Olympics 2024?
Tap to reveal
6 medals — 1 Silver + 5 Bronze. Neeraj Chopra won Silver in Javelin Throw. Notable: Manu Bhaker became first Indian to win 2 medals in a single Olympics (both Bronze in shooting).
Practice Quiz — GK & Current Affairs
15 questions covering History, Polity, Geography, Economy & Current Affairs.
Q1
The Indian Constitution came into force on:
Q2
Who is known as the "Father of the Indian Constitution"?
Q3
The Quit India Movement was launched in:
Q4
Which article of the Constitution deals with President's Rule in a state?
Q5
The largest state in India by area is:
Q6
NITI Aayog replaced which body in 2015?
Q7
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on:
Q8
Which law replaced the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860?
Q9
The wettest place in India is:
Q10
Repo Rate is the rate at which:
Q11
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched on:
Q12
The Indian National Congress was founded in which year?
Q13
The Rajya Sabha has how many members in total (maximum)?
Q14
At Paris Olympics 2024, how many medals did India win?
Q15
Which river is the longest in Maharashtra?
0 / 15
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